【川普】宣布国家紧急状态针对华为威胁（行政令全文翻译）(图)
（图片来源：Getty Images）
【看中国2019年5月19日讯】（看中国记者天琴翻译）5月15日，美国总统川普签署确保信息和通信技术与服务供应链安全的行政命令，禁止在信息和通信领域，进行任何有可能对美国国家安全、外交政策和经济构成威胁的交易，并宣布美国进入“国家紧急状态”。以下是行政命令全文翻译。
EXECUTIVE ORDERS
行政命令
Executive Order on Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain|
确保信息和通信技术与服务供应链安全的行政命令
INFRASTRUCTURE & TECHNOLOGY
基础设施与技术
Issued on: May 15, 2019
发布时间：2019年5月15日
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code,
根据宪法和美国法律赋予我作为总统的权力，包括国际紧急经济权力法（50 USC 1701 et seq. 即IEEPA），国家紧急法案（50 USC 1601 et seq.） ，以及美国法典第3篇第301节，
I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, find that foreign adversaries are increasingly creating and exploiting vulnerabilities in information and communications technology and services, which store and communicate vast amounts of sensitive information, facilitate the digital economy, and support critical infrastructure and vital emergency services, in order to commit malicious cyber-enabled actions, including economic and industrial espionage against the United States and its people. I further find that the unrestricted acquisition or use in the United States of information and communications technology or services designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied by persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of foreign adversaries augments the ability of foreign adversaries to create and exploit vulnerabilities in information and communications technology or services, with potentially catastrophic effects, and thereby constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. This threat exists both in the case of individual acquisitions or uses of such technology or services, and when acquisitions or uses of such technologies are considered as a class. Although maintaining an open investment climate in information and communications technology, and in the United States economy more generally, is important for the overall growth and prosperity of the United States, such openness must be balanced by the need to protect our country against critical national security threats. To deal with this threat, additional steps are required to protect the security, integrity, and reliability of information and communications technology and services provided and used in the United States. In light of these findings, I hereby declare a national emergency with respect to this threat.
我，美国总统唐纳德·J·川普，发现外国对手越来越多的制造和利用信息和通信技术和服务中的漏洞，这些漏洞存储和传递大量敏感信息，促进数字经济，并且支持关键基础设施和重要的紧急服务，以实施恶意的网络行为，包括针对美国及其人民的经济和工业间谍活动。我进一步发现，在美国不受限制地获取或使用由外国对手拥有、控制或受其管辖或指导的人设计、开发、制造或提供的信息和通信技术或服务，增强了外国对手制造和利用信息和通信技术或服务中的脆弱性，可能带来灾难性后果，从而对美国的国家安全，外交政策和经济构成不同寻常和特殊的威胁。这种威胁既存在于个人收购或使用此类技术或服务的情况，也适用于此类技术收购或使用被视为一类的情况。尽管在信息和通信技术以及美国经济中保持开放的投资环境对于美国的整体增长和繁荣至关重要，但这种开放必须通过保护我国免受重大国家安全威胁的需要来平衡。为了应对这种威胁，需要采取其他措施来保护美国提供和使用的信息和通信技术及服务的安全性、完整性和可靠性。鉴于这些调查发现，我在此宣布国家紧急情况来针对这一威胁。
(i) the transaction involves information and communications technology or services designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied, by persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of a foreign adversary; and
（i）交易涉及由外国对手拥有、控制或受其管辖或指导的人设计，开发，制造或供应的信息和通信技术或服务;和
(ii) the transaction:
以及交易：
(A) poses an undue risk of sabotage to or subversion of the design, integrity, manufacturing, production, distribution, installation, operation, or maintenance of information and communications technology or services in the United States;
（A）在美国构成破坏或颠覆信息和通信技术或服务的过度风险，包括以下方面：设计、完整性、制造、生产、分配、安装、操作或维护；
(B) poses an undue risk of catastrophic effects on the security or resiliency of United States critical infrastructure or the digital economy of the United States; or
（B）对美国关键基础设施或美国数字经济的安全性或恢复能力造成灾难性影响的过度风险;要么
(C) otherwise poses an unacceptable risk to the national security of the United States or the security and safety of United States persons.
（C）对美国的国家安全或美国人的安全和保障构成不可接受的风险。
(b) The Secretary, in consultation with the heads of other agencies as appropriate, may at the Secretary’s discretion design or negotiate measures to mitigate concerns identified under section 1(a) of this order. Such measures may serve as a precondition to the approval of a transaction or of a class of transactions that would otherwise be prohibited pursuant to this order.
（b）商务部部长与其他机构的负责人进行协商，酌情决定设计或谈判措施，以减轻本命令第1（a）条所指明的关注事项。这些措施可以作为批准根据本命令禁止的交易或一类交易的先决条件。
(c) The prohibitions in subsection (a) of this section apply except to the extent provided by statutes, or in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order.
（c）本节（a）中的禁令照章适用于本命令生效日期之前签订的任何合同或任何牌照或任何批准的许可，但法规或根据本命令可能发布的规则、命令、指令或许可证不在此范围之内。
Sec. 2. Authorities. (a) The Secretary, in consultation with, or upon referral of a particular transaction from, the heads of other agencies as appropriate, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including directing the timing and manner of the cessation of transactions prohibited pursuant to section 1 of this order, adopting appropriate rules and regulations, and employing all other powers granted to the President by IEEPA, as may be necessary to implement this order. All agencies of the United States Government are directed to take all appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the provisions of this order.
第二部分。2.当局。 （a）特此授权商务部部长在酌情与其他机构负责人协商或转介入某项特定交易时，根据本命令中的第1条采取此类行动，包括指示交易停止的时间和方式，采用适当的规则和规定，并采用国际紧急经济权力法（IEEPA）授予总统的所有其他权力，以实施此命令。美国政府的所有机构都被指示在其权力范围内采取一切适当措施来执行此命令的规定。
(b) Rules and regulations issued pursuant to this order may, among other things, determine that particular countries or persons are foreign adversaries for the purposes of this order; identify persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of foreign adversaries for the purposes of this order; identify particular technologies or countries with respect to which transactions involving information and communications technology or services warrant particular scrutiny under the provisions of this order; establish procedures to license transactions otherwise prohibited pursuant to this order; establish criteria, consistent with section 1 of this order, by which particular technologies or particular participants in the market for information and communications technology or services may be recognized as categorically included in or as categorically excluded from the prohibitions established by this order; and identify a mechanism and relevant factors for the negotiation of agreements to mitigate concerns raised in connection with subsection 1(a) of this order. Within 150 days of the date of this order, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the United States Trade Representative, the Director of National Intelligence, the Administrator of General Services, the Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission and, as appropriate, the heads of other agencies, shall publish rules or regulations implementing the authorities delegated to the Secretary by this order.
（b）鉴于本命令的目的，可依据本命令发布的规则和条例，除其他已规定的之外，确定特定国家或个人是外国对手；识别外国对手管辖或指示所拥有的、受其控制或受其约束的人；识别涉及信息和通信技术或服务的交易需要根据本命令的规定进行特别审查的特定技术或国家；制定程序以允许本来可根据本命令禁止的交易；根据本命令第1节制定标准，并依据该标准，某些信息和通信技术或服务市场中的特定技术或特定参与者可被认定为明确包含在本命令规定的禁令之内或明确排除在本命令规定的禁令之外；并确定协议谈判的机制和相关因素，以减轻与本命令第1（a）小节有关的问题。在本命令发出之日起150天内，商业部部长将与财政部部长，国务卿，国防部部长，司法部部长，国土安全部部长，美国贸易代表，国家情报总监，总务管理局局长，联邦通信委员会主席以及其他合适机构负责人进行商榷，公布依据本命令授权给商业部部长行使权力的规则或条例。
(c) The Secretary may, consistent with applicable law, redelegate any of the authorities conferred on the Secretary pursuant to this section within the Department of Commerce.
（c）商业部部长可根据适用法律，再次在商务部内根据本节授予部长的权力授权任何机构。
Sec. 3. Definitions. For purposes of this order:
第三部分。 3.定义。鉴于本命令的目地：
(a) the term “entity” means a partnership, association, trust, joint venture, corporation, group, subgroup, or other organization;
（a）“实体”一词是指合伙、协会、信讬、合资企业、公司、集团、分支集团，或其它组织;
(b)the term “foreign adversary” means any foreign government or foreign non-government person engaged in a long term pattern or serious instances of conduct significantly adverse to the national security of the United States or security and safety of United States persons;
（b）“外国对手”一词是指，长期从事或严重违反美国国家安全或危及美国人安全的行为的外国政府或外国非政府人士；
(c)the term “information and communications technology or services” means any hardware, software, or other product or service primarily intended to fulfill or enable the function of information or data processing, storage, retrieval, or communication by electronic means, including transmission, storage, and display;
（c）“信息和通信技术或服务”一词是指，任何旨在通过电子手段实现信息或数据处理、存储、检索或通信功能的任何硬件、软件或其他产品或服务，包括传输、存储和显示；
(d)the term “person” means an individual or entity; and
（d）“人”一词指，个人或实体；
(e)the term “United States person” means any United States citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the United States.
（e）“美国人”一词是指，任何美国公民，永久居住的外国人，根据美国法律或美国境内任何司法管辖区（包括外国分支机构）组织起来的实体，或美国境内的任何人。
Sec. 4. Recurring and Final Reports to the Congress. The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to submit recurring and final reports to the Congress on the national emergency declared in this order, consistent with section 401(c) of the NEA (50 U.S.C. 1641(c)) and section 204(c) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1703(c).
第四部分。4.向国会提交的经常性和最终报告。商务部部长经与国务卿商榷，特此被授权根据国家紧急法第401（c）节（50 USC 1641（c））和国际紧急经济权力法（IEEPA）第204（c）节（50 USC 1703（c），向国会提交关于本命令中所宣布的有关国家紧急情况的定期和最终报告。
Sec. 5. Assessments and Reports. (a) The Director of National Intelligence shall continue to assess threats to the United States and its people from information and communications technology or services designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied by persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of a foreign adversary. The Director of National Intelligence shall produce periodic written assessments of these threats in consultation with the heads of relevant agencies, and shall provide these assessments to the President, the Secretary for the Secretary’s use in connection with his responsibilities pursuant to this order, and the heads of other agencies as appropriate. An initial assessment shall be completed within 40 days of the date of this order, and further assessments shall be completed at least annually, and shall include analysis of:
第五部分。5.评估和报告。 （a）国家情报总监应继续评估，由管辖或控制的人所拥有的、控制或受其管辖的外国对手设计，开发，制造或供应的信息和通信技术或服务，对美国及其人民的威胁。国家情报总监应与有关机构负责人协商，定期对这些威胁进行书面评估，并应向总统，商务部部长（根据本命令商务部部长负责使用这些评估），以及其他机构负责人提供这些评估。初始评估应在本命令发出之日起40天内完成，进一步的评估应至少每年完成一次，并应包括以下分析：
(i) threats enabled by information and communications technologies or services designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied by persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of a foreign adversary; and
（i）由外国对手拥有、控制或受其管辖或指导的人设计、开发、制造或提供的信息和通信技术或服务所构成的威胁；和
(ii) threats to the United States Government, United States critical infrastructure, and United States entities from information and communications technologies or services designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied by persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the influence of a foreign adversary.
（ii）由外国对手拥有、控制或受其管辖或指导的人设计、开发、制造或提供的信息和通信技术或服务，对美国政府，美国关键基础设施和美国实体造成的威胁。
(b)The Secretary of Homeland Security shall continue to assess and identify entities, hardware, software, and services that present vulnerabilities in the United States and that pose the greatest potential consequences to the national security of the United States.The Secretary of Homeland Security, in coordination with sector-specific agencies and coordinating councils as appropriate, shall produce a written assessment within 80 days of the date of this order, and annually thereafter. This assessment shall include an evaluation of hardware, software, or services that are relied upon by multiple information and communications technology or service providers, including the communication services relied upon by critical infrastructure entities identified pursuant to section 9 of Executive Order 13636 of February 12, 2013 (Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity).
（b）国土安全部部长应继续评估和识别，在美国存在脆弱性并对美国国家安全造成最大潜在后果的实体，硬件，软件和服务。国土安全部部长，在特定行业机构和其他合适的协调理事会的协调下，应在本命令发出之日起80天内及之后每年进行书面评估。此评估应包括依赖多个信息和通信技术或服务提供商-包括根据2013年2月12日第13636号行政命令（改进关键基础设施网络安全）第9节确定的关键基础设施实体所依赖的通信服务-的硬件、软件或服务的评估。
(c) Within 1 year of the date of this order, and annually thereafter, the Secretary, in consultation as appropriate with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Homeland Security, Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the United States Trade Representative, the Director of National Intelligence, and the Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, shall assess and report to the President whether the actions taken by the Secretary pursuant to this order are sufficient and continue to be necessary to mitigate the risks identified in, and pursuant to, this order.
（c）在本命令发出之日起1年内，此后每年，商务部部长应酌情与财政部长，国土安全部部长，国务卿，国防部部长，司法部部长，美国贸易代表，国家情报总监和联邦通信委员会主席协商，评估并向总统报告商务部部长根据此命令采取的行动是否充分，并且确定继续减轻此命令中确定的风险是否必要。
Sec. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
第6部分。6.总体规定。 （a）本命令的任何内容均不得解释为损害或以其它方式影响：
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
（i）法律授予行政部门或机构或其负责人的权力；或者
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
（ii）管理和预算办公室主任的与预算、行政或立法提案有关的职能。
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
（b）本命令的实施应与适用法律一致，并受具体拨款可行性的约束。
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
（c）本命令并非旨在、也不构成实质性或程序性的、可用于执法的任何权利或利益，或者相应的，任何一方也不可用此针对美国，美国的部门、机构或实体，其官员，雇员，或代理人，或任何其他人。
DONALD J. TRUMP
唐纳德·J·川普
THE WHITE HOUSE,
白宫
May 15, 2019.
2019年5月15日