【川普】宣布國家緊急狀態針對華為威脅（行政令全文翻譯）(图)
（圖片來源：Getty Images）
【看中国2019年5月19日讯】（看中國記者天琴翻譯）5月15日，美国总统川普签署確保信息和通信技術與服務供應鏈安全的行政命令，禁止在信息和通信领域，进行任何有可能对美国国家安全、外交政策和经济构成威胁的交易，並宣布美國进入“国家紧急状态”。以下是行政命令全文翻譯。
EXECUTIVE ORDERS
行政命令
Executive Order on Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain|
確保信息和通信技術與服務供應鏈安全的行政命令
INFRASTRUCTURE & TECHNOLOGY
基礎設施與技術
Issued on: May 15, 2019
發布時間：2019年5月15日
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code,
根據憲法和美國法律賦予我作為總統的權力，包括國際緊急經濟權力法（50 USC 1701 et seq. 即IEEPA），國家緊急法案（50 USC 1601 et seq.） ，以及美國法典第3篇第301節，
I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, find that foreign adversaries are increasingly creating and exploiting vulnerabilities in information and communications technology and services, which store and communicate vast amounts of sensitive information, facilitate the digital economy, and support critical infrastructure and vital emergency services, in order to commit malicious cyber-enabled actions, including economic and industrial espionage against the United States and its people. I further find that the unrestricted acquisition or use in the United States of information and communications technology or services designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied by persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of foreign adversaries augments the ability of foreign adversaries to create and exploit vulnerabilities in information and communications technology or services, with potentially catastrophic effects, and thereby constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. This threat exists both in the case of individual acquisitions or uses of such technology or services, and when acquisitions or uses of such technologies are considered as a class. Although maintaining an open investment climate in information and communications technology, and in the United States economy more generally, is important for the overall growth and prosperity of the United States, such openness must be balanced by the need to protect our country against critical national security threats. To deal with this threat, additional steps are required to protect the security, integrity, and reliability of information and communications technology and services provided and used in the United States. In light of these findings, I hereby declare a national emergency with respect to this threat.
我，美國總統唐納德·J·川普，發現外國對手越來越多的制造和利用信息和通信技術和服務中的漏洞，這些漏洞存儲和傳遞大量敏感信息，促進數字經濟，並且支持關鍵基礎設施和重要的緊急服務，以實施惡意的網絡行為，包括針對美國及其人民的經濟和工業間諜活動。我進一步發現，在美國不受限制地獲取或使用由外國對手擁有、控制或受其管轄或指導的人設計、開發、制造或提供的信息和通信技術或服務，增強了外國對手制造和利用信息和通信技術或服務中的脆弱性，可能帶來災難性後果，從而對美國的國家安全，外交政策和經濟構成不同尋常和特殊的威脅。這種威脅既存在於個人收購或使用此類技術或服務的情況，也適用於此類技術收購或使用被視為一類的情況。盡管在信息和通信技術以及美國經濟中保持開放的投資環境對於美國的整體增長和繁榮至關重要，但這種開放必須通過保護我國免受重大國家安全威脅的需要來平衡。為了應對這種威脅，需要采取其他措施來保護美國提供和使用的信息和通信技術及服務的安全性、完整性和可靠性。鑒於這些調查發現，我在此宣布國家緊急情況來針對這一威脅。
(i) the transaction involves information and communications technology or services designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied, by persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of a foreign adversary; and
（i）交易涉及由外國對手擁有、控製或受其管轄或指導的人設計，開發，製造或供應的信息和通信技術或服務;和
(ii) the transaction:
以及交易：
(A) poses an undue risk of sabotage to or subversion of the design, integrity, manufacturing, production, distribution, installation, operation, or maintenance of information and communications technology or services in the United States;
（A）在美國構成破壞或顛覆信息和通信技術或服務的過度風險，包括以下方面：設計、完整性、製造、生產、分配、安裝、操作或維護；
(B) poses an undue risk of catastrophic effects on the security or resiliency of United States critical infrastructure or the digital economy of the United States; or
（B）對美國關鍵基礎設施或美國數字經濟的安全性或恢復能力造成災難性影響的過度風險;要麽
(C) otherwise poses an unacceptable risk to the national security of the United States or the security and safety of United States persons.
（C）對美國的國家安全或美國人的安全和保障構成不可接受的風險。
(b) The Secretary, in consultation with the heads of other agencies as appropriate, may at the Secretary’s discretion design or negotiate measures to mitigate concerns identified under section 1(a) of this order. Such measures may serve as a precondition to the approval of a transaction or of a class of transactions that would otherwise be prohibited pursuant to this order.
（b）商務部部長與其他機構的負責人進行協商，酌情決定設計或談判措施，以減輕本命令第1（a）條所指明的關註事項。這些措施可以作為批準根據本命令禁止的交易或一類交易的先決條件。
(c) The prohibitions in subsection (a) of this section apply except to the extent provided by statutes, or in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order.
（c）本節（a）中的禁令照章適用於本命令生效日期之前簽訂的任何合同或任何牌照或任何批準的許可，但法規或根據本命令可能發布的規則、命令、指令或許可證不在此範圍之內。
Sec. 2. Authorities. (a) The Secretary, in consultation with, or upon referral of a particular transaction from, the heads of other agencies as appropriate, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including directing the timing and manner of the cessation of transactions prohibited pursuant to section 1 of this order, adopting appropriate rules and regulations, and employing all other powers granted to the President by IEEPA, as may be necessary to implement this order. All agencies of the United States Government are directed to take all appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the provisions of this order.
第二部分。2.當局。 （a）特此授權商務部部長在酌情與其他機構負責人協商或轉介入某項特定交易時，根據本命令中的第1條採取此類行動，包括指示交易停止的時間和方式，採用適當的規則和規定，並採用國際緊急經濟權力法（IEEPA）授予總統的所有其他權力，以實施此命令。美國政府的所有機構都被指示在其權力範圍內採取一切適當措施來執行此命令的規定。
(b) Rules and regulations issued pursuant to this order may, among other things, determine that particular countries or persons are foreign adversaries for the purposes of this order; identify persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of foreign adversaries for the purposes of this order; identify particular technologies or countries with respect to which transactions involving information and communications technology or services warrant particular scrutiny under the provisions of this order; establish procedures to license transactions otherwise prohibited pursuant to this order; establish criteria, consistent with section 1 of this order, by which particular technologies or particular participants in the market for information and communications technology or services may be recognized as categorically included in or as categorically excluded from the prohibitions established by this order; and identify a mechanism and relevant factors for the negotiation of agreements to mitigate concerns raised in connection with subsection 1(a) of this order. Within 150 days of the date of this order, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the United States Trade Representative, the Director of National Intelligence, the Administrator of General Services, the Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission and, as appropriate, the heads of other agencies, shall publish rules or regulations implementing the authorities delegated to the Secretary by this order.
（b）鑑於本命令的目的，可依據本命令發布的規則和條例，除其他已規定的之外，確定特定國家或個人是外國對手；識別外國對手管轄或指示所擁有的、受其控製或受其約束的人；識別涉及信息和通信技術或服務的交易需要根據本命令的規定進行特別審查的特定技術或國家；制定程序以允許本來可根據本命令禁止的交易；根據本命令第1節制定標準，並依據該標準，某些信息和通信技術或服務市場中的特定技術或特定參與者可被認定為明確包含在本命令規定的禁令之內或明確排除在本命令規定的禁令之外；並確定協議談判的機制和相關因素，以減輕與本命令第1（a）小節有關的問題。在本命令發出之日起150天內，商業部部長將與財政部部長，國務卿，國防部部長，司法部部長，國土安全部部長，美國貿易代表，國家情報總監，總務管理局局長，聯邦通信委員會主席以及其他合適機構負責人進行商榷，公佈依據本命令授權給商業部部長行使權力的規則或條例。
(c) The Secretary may, consistent with applicable law, redelegate any of the authorities conferred on the Secretary pursuant to this section within the Department of Commerce.
（c）商業部部長可根據適用法律，再次在商務部內根據本節授予部長的權力授權任何機構。
Sec. 3. Definitions. For purposes of this order:
第三部分。 3.定義。鑑於本命令的目地：
(a) the term “entity” means a partnership, association, trust, joint venture, corporation, group, subgroup, or other organization;
（a）“實體”一詞是指合夥、協會、信託、合資企業、公司、集團、分支集團，或其它組織;
(b)the term “foreign adversary” means any foreign government or foreign non-government person engaged in a long term pattern or serious instances of conduct significantly adverse to the national security of the United States or security and safety of United States persons;
（b）“外國對手”一詞是指，長期從事或嚴重違反美國國家安全或危及美國人安全的行為的外國政府或外國非政府人士；
(c)the term “information and communications technology or services” means any hardware, software, or other product or service primarily intended to fulfill or enable the function of information or data processing, storage, retrieval, or communication by electronic means, including transmission, storage, and display;
（c）“信息和通信技術或服務”一詞是指，任何旨在通過電子手段實現信息或數據處理、存儲、檢索或通信功能的任何硬件、軟件或其他產品或服務，包括傳輸、存儲和顯示；
(d)the term “person” means an individual or entity; and
（d）“人”一詞指，個人或實體；
(e)the term “United States person” means any United States citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the United States.
（e）“美國人”一詞是指，任何美國公民，永久居住的外國人，根據美國法律或美國境內任何司法管轄區（包括外國分支機構）組織起來的實體，或美國境內的任何人。
Sec. 4. Recurring and Final Reports to the Congress. The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to submit recurring and final reports to the Congress on the national emergency declared in this order, consistent with section 401(c) of the NEA (50 U.S.C. 1641(c)) and section 204(c) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1703(c).
第四部分。4.向國會提交的經常性和最終報告。商務部部長經與國務卿商榷，特此被授權根據國家緊急法第401（c）節（50 USC 1641（c））和國際緊急經濟權力法（IEEPA）第204（c）節（50 USC 1703（c），向國會提交關於本命令中所宣布的有關國家緊急情況的定期和最終報告。
Sec. 5. Assessments and Reports. (a) The Director of National Intelligence shall continue to assess threats to the United States and its people from information and communications technology or services designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied by persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of a foreign adversary. The Director of National Intelligence shall produce periodic written assessments of these threats in consultation with the heads of relevant agencies, and shall provide these assessments to the President, the Secretary for the Secretary’s use in connection with his responsibilities pursuant to this order, and the heads of other agencies as appropriate. An initial assessment shall be completed within 40 days of the date of this order, and further assessments shall be completed at least annually, and shall include analysis of:
第五部分。5.評估和報告。 （a）國家情報總監應繼續評估，由管轄或控制的人所擁有的、控製或受其管轄的外國對手設計，開發，製造或供應的信息和通信技術或服務，對美國及其人民的威脅。國家情報總監應與有關機構負責人協商，定期對這些威脅進行書面評估，並應向總統，商務部部長（根據本命令商務部部長負責使用這些評估），以及其他機構負責人提供這些評估。初始評估應在本命令發出之日起40天內完成，進一步的評估應至少每年完成一次，並應包括以下分析：
(i) threats enabled by information and communications technologies or services designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied by persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of a foreign adversary; and
（i）由外國對手擁有、控製或受其管轄或指導的人設計、開發、製造或提供的信息和通信技術或服務所構成的威脅；和
(ii) threats to the United States Government, United States critical infrastructure, and United States entities from information and communications technologies or services designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied by persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the influence of a foreign adversary.
（ii）由外國對手擁有、控製或受其管轄或指導的人設計、開發、製造或提供的信息和通信技術或服務，對美國政府，美國關鍵基礎設施和美國實體造成的威脅。
(b)The Secretary of Homeland Security shall continue to assess and identify entities, hardware, software, and services that present vulnerabilities in the United States and that pose the greatest potential consequences to the national security of the United States.The Secretary of Homeland Security, in coordination with sector-specific agencies and coordinating councils as appropriate, shall produce a written assessment within 80 days of the date of this order, and annually thereafter. This assessment shall include an evaluation of hardware, software, or services that are relied upon by multiple information and communications technology or service providers, including the communication services relied upon by critical infrastructure entities identified pursuant to section 9 of Executive Order 13636 of February 12, 2013 (Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity).
（b）國土安全部部長應繼續評估和識別，在美國存在脆弱性並對美國國家安全造成最大潛在後果的實體，硬件，軟件和服務。國土安全部部長，在特定行業機構和其他合適的協調理事會的協調下，應在本命令發出之日起80天內及之後每年進行書面評估。此評估應包括依賴多個信息和通信技術或服務提供商-包括根據2013年2月12日第13636號行政命令（改進關鍵基礎設施網絡安全）第9節確定的關鍵基礎設施實體所依賴的通信服務-的硬件、軟件或服務的評估。
(c) Within 1 year of the date of this order, and annually thereafter, the Secretary, in consultation as appropriate with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Homeland Security, Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the United States Trade Representative, the Director of National Intelligence, and the Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, shall assess and report to the President whether the actions taken by the Secretary pursuant to this order are sufficient and continue to be necessary to mitigate the risks identified in, and pursuant to, this order.
（c）在本命令發出之日起1年內，此後每年，商務部部長應酌情與財政部長，國土安全部部長，國務卿，國防部部長，司法部部長，美國貿易代表，國家情報總監和聯邦通信委員會主席協商，評估並向總統報告商務部部長根據此命令採取的行動是否充分，並且確定繼續減輕此命令中確定的風險是否必要。
Sec. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
第6部分。6.總體規定。 （a）本命令的任何內容均不得解釋為損害或以其它方式影響：
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
（i）法律授予行政部門或機構或其負責人的權力；或者
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
（ii）管理和預算辦公室主任的與預算、行政或立法提案有關的職能。
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
（b）本命令的實施應與適用法律一致，並受具體撥款可行性的約束。
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
（c）本命令並非旨在、也不構成實質性或程序性的、可用於執法的任何權利或利益，或者相應的，任何一方也不可用此針對美國，美國的部門、機構或實體，其官員，僱員，或代理人，或任何其他人。
DONALD J. TRUMP
唐納德·J·川普
THE WHITE HOUSE,
白宮
May 15, 2019.
2019年5月15日